        /* Root colours and fonts */
        :root {
            --primary-color: #ff784e;
            --secondary-color: #1f2937;
            --light-bg: #f7f9fc;
            --dark-bg: #0d1321;
            --accent-color: #00b4d8;
            --border-radius: 0.5rem;
        }

        html {
            scroll-behavior: smooth;
            scroll-padding-top: 30px;
        }

        body {
            font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
            line-height: 1.6;
            color: #333;
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }

        /* Navbar styling */
        .navbar {
            background-color: var(--dark-bg);
        }

        .navbar-brand {
            font-weight: 600;
            color: #fff !important;
            font-size: 1.5rem;
        }

        .navbar-nav .nav-link {
            color: #adb5bd;
            margin-left: 1rem;
            font-weight: 500;
        }

        .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,
        .navbar-nav .nav-link.active {
            color: var(--primary-color);
        }

        /* 3D canvas container */
        #three-container {
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            z-index: 0;
        }

        /* Hero section */
        #hero {
            position: relative;
            height: 100vh;
            overflow: hidden;
            background: var(--dark-bg);
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
            color: #fff;
            text-align: center;
        }

        /* Floating shapes container for hero background */
        .floating-shapes {
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            overflow: hidden;
            z-index: 0;
        }

        .shape {
            position: absolute;
            opacity: 0.8;
            transform-origin: center;
        }

        .square {
            width: 35px;
            height: 35px;
            background-color: rgba(247, 118, 98, 0.6);
            border-radius: 4px;
        }

        .triangle {
            width: 0;
            height: 0;
            border-left: 18px solid transparent;
            border-right: 18px solid transparent;
            border-bottom: 30px solid rgba(108, 122, 224, 0.6);
        }

        /* Individual shape positioning and animations */
        .shape1 {
            top: 10%;
            left: 15%;
            animation: drift1 18s linear infinite;
        }

        .shape2 {
            top: 25%;
            right: 10%;
            animation: drift2 22s ease-in-out infinite;
        }

        .shape3 {
            top: 55%;
            left: 70%;
            animation: drift3 20s linear infinite;
        }

        .shape4 {
            bottom: 15%;
            left: 30%;
            animation: drift4 25s ease-in-out infinite;
        }

        .shape5 {
            top: 35%;
            left: 50%;
            animation: drift5 28s linear infinite;
        }

        .shape6 {
            bottom: 20%;
            right: 20%;
            animation: drift6 26s ease-in-out infinite;
        }

        .shape7 {
            top: 60%;
            left: 15%;
            animation: drift3 24s linear infinite;
        }

        .shape8 {
            top: 15%;
            left: 80%;
            animation: drift2 30s ease-in-out infinite;
        }

        @keyframes drift1 {
            0% {
                transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(0deg);
            }

            50% {
                transform: translate(60px, -40px) rotate(180deg);
            }

            100% {
                transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(360deg);
            }
        }

        @keyframes drift2 {
            0% {
                transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(0deg);
            }

            50% {
                transform: translate(-80px, 50px) rotate(180deg);
            }

            100% {
                transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(360deg);
            }
        }

        @keyframes drift3 {
            0% {
                transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(0deg);
            }

            50% {
                transform: translate(70px, 60px) rotate(-180deg);
            }

            100% {
                transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(-360deg);
            }
        }

        @keyframes drift4 {
            0% {
                transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(0deg);
            }

            50% {
                transform: translate(-50px, -70px) rotate(180deg);
            }

            100% {
                transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(360deg);
            }
        }

        @keyframes drift5 {
            0% {
                transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(0deg);
            }

            50% {
                transform: translate(90px, -60px) rotate(-180deg);
            }

            100% {
                transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(-360deg);
            }
        }

        @keyframes drift6 {
            0% {
                transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(0deg);
            }

            50% {
                transform: translate(-100px, 80px) rotate(180deg);
            }

            100% {
                transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(360deg);
            }
        }

        /* Dark overlay above 3D canvas to improve text contrast */
        .hero-overlay {
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            background: rgba(13, 19, 33, 0.6);
            z-index: 1;
            pointer-events: none;
        }

        #hero .hero-content {
            position: relative;
            z-index: 2;
        }

        #hero h1 {
            font-size: 3.5rem;
            font-weight: 700;
            letter-spacing: 2px;
            margin-bottom: 1rem;
            animation: slideInDown 1s ease-out;
        }

        #hero p {
            font-size: 1.2rem;
            margin-bottom: 2rem;
            animation: fadeIn 2s ease-in;
        }

        #hero .btn {
            padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
            font-size: 1rem;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            animation: fadeInUp 1.5s ease-in;
        }

        /* About section */
        #about {
            padding: 5rem 0;
            background: #fff;
        }

        #about .image-wrapper {
            text-align: center;
        }

        #about img {
            max-width: 100%;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
        }

        #about h2 {
            font-weight: 700;
            margin-bottom: 1rem;
            color: var(--secondary-color);
        }

        #about p {
            color: #555;
        }

        /* Services section */
        #services {
            background: var(--light-bg);
            padding: 5rem 0;
        }

        .service-card {
            background: #fff;
            border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
            padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
            text-align: center;
        }

        .service-card .icon {
            font-size: 2.5rem;
            color: var(--primary-color);
            margin-bottom: 1rem;
        }

        .service-card:hover {
            transform: translateY(-10px);
            box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
        }

        .service-card h4 {
            font-weight: 600;
            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
        }

        .service-card p {
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            color: #666;
        }

        /* Portfolio section */
        #portfolio {
            padding: 5rem 0;
            background: #fff;
        }

        #portfolio h2 {
            margin-bottom: 2rem;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: var(--secondary-color);
            text-align: center;
        }

        .portfolio-filters {
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: 2rem;
        }

        .filter-btn {
            border: none;
            background: none;
            padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
            margin: 0 0.3rem;
            font-weight: 500;
            color: var(--secondary-color);
            cursor: pointer;
        }

        .filter-btn.active,
        .filter-btn:hover {
            color: var(--primary-color);
        }

        .portfolio-item {
            position: relative;
            margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
            overflow: hidden;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
            cursor: pointer;
        }

        .portfolio-item .overlay {
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            background: rgba(13, 19, 33, 0.6);
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
            opacity: 0;
            transition: opacity 0.4s ease;
            color: #fff;
            flex-direction: column;
            text-align: center;
            padding: 1rem;
        }

        .portfolio-item:hover .overlay {
            opacity: 1;
        }

        .portfolio-item h5 {
            font-weight: 600;
            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
        }

        .portfolio-item span {
            font-size: 0.8rem;
            color: #ddd;
        }

        .portfolio-bg-1 {
            background: url('pastel.png') no-repeat center center / cover;
            height: 250px;
        }

        .portfolio-bg-2 {
            background: url('hero.png') no-repeat center center / cover;
            height: 250px;
        }

        .portfolio-bg-3 {
            background: url('designer.png') no-repeat center center / cover;
            height: 250px;
        }

        .portfolio-bg-4 {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
            height: 250px;
        }

        .portfolio-bg-5 {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffafbd, #ffc3a0);
            height: 250px;
        }

        .portfolio-bg-6 {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #89f7fe, #66a6ff);
            height: 250px;
        }

        /* Skills section */
        #skills {
            background: var(--light-bg);
            padding: 5rem 0;
        }

        #skills h2 {
            margin-bottom: 2rem;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: var(--secondary-color);
            text-align: center;
        }

        .skill {
            margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
        }

        .skill h6 {
            font-weight: 600;
            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
        }

        .progress {
            height: 0.6rem;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            background: #e9ecef;
        }

        .progress-bar {
            width: 0;
            transition: width 1.5s ease;
            background: var(--primary-color);
        }

        /* Timeline section */
        #timeline {
            background: #fff;
            padding: 5rem 0;
        }

        #timeline h2 {
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: var(--secondary-color);
        }

        .timeline {
            position: relative;
            max-width: 900px;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        .timeline::before {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 50%;
            transform: translateX(-50%);
            width: 2px;
            height: 100%;
            background: var(--accent-color);
        }

        .timeline-item {
            padding: 2rem 0;
            position: relative;
        }

        .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) {
            padding-right: 50%;
        }

        .timeline-item:nth-child(even) {
            padding-left: 50%;
        }

        .timeline-item .timeline-content {
            position: relative;
            background: var(--light-bg);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
            box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
        }

        .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) .timeline-content {
            margin-right: 2rem;
        }

        .timeline-item:nth-child(even) .timeline-content {
            margin-left: 2rem;
        }

        .timeline-item .timeline-dot {
            position: absolute;
            top: 15px;
            width: 15px;
            height: 15px;
            border-radius: 50%;
            background: var(--primary-color);
            z-index: 1;
        }

        .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) .timeline-dot {
            right: -8px;
        }

        .timeline-item:nth-child(even) .timeline-dot {
            left: -8px;
        }

        .timeline-item h5 {
            font-weight: 600;
            margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
        }

        .timeline-item span {
            font-size: 0.8rem;
            color: #777;
            margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
            display: block;
        }

        /* Testimonials section */
        #testimonials {
            background: var(--light-bg);
            padding: 5rem 0;
        }

        #testimonials h2 {
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: 2rem;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: var(--secondary-color);
        }

        .testimonial {
            text-align: center;
            padding: 2rem;
        }

        .testimonial p {
            font-style: italic;
            color: #555;
        }

        .testimonial .author {
            margin-top: 1rem;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: var(--primary-color);
        }

        /* Contact section */
        #contact {
            padding: 5rem 0;
            background: #fff;
        }

        #contact h2 {
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: 2rem;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: var(--secondary-color);
        }

        .contact-form {
            max-width: 600px;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        .contact-form .form-control {
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            box-shadow: none;
        }

        .contact-form .btn {
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
        }

        #form-message {
            margin-top: 1rem;
        }

        /* Footer */
        footer {
            background: var(--dark-bg);
            color: #adb5bd;
            padding: 2rem 0;
            text-align: center;
        }

        footer a {
            color: #adb5bd;
            margin: 0 0.5rem;
            font-size: 1.2rem;
        }

        footer a:hover {
            color: var(--primary-color);
        }

        /* Portfolio modal styles */
        .portfolio-modal {
            display: none;
            position: fixed;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
            z-index: 1050;
        }

        .portfolio-modal img {
            max-width: 90%;
            max-height: 90%;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
        }

        .portfolio-modal .modal-close {
            position: absolute;
            top: 20px;
            right: 40px;
            font-size: 2rem;
            color: #fff;
            cursor: pointer;
            user-select: none;
        }

        .portfolio-modal.open {
            display: flex;
        }

        /* Scroll to top button */
        #scroll-top {
            position: fixed;
            bottom: 30px;
            right: 30px;
            width: 45px;
            height: 45px;
            background: var(--primary-color);
            color: #fff;
            border: none;
            border-radius: 50%;
            display: none;
            align-items: center;
            justify-items: center;
            cursor: pointer;
            z-index: 1000;
        }

        #scroll-top i {
            font-size: 1.2rem;
        }

        /* Animations */
        @keyframes slideInDown {
            from {
                opacity: 0;
                transform: translateY(-50px);
            }

            to {
                opacity: 1;
                transform: translateY(0);
            }
        }

        @keyframes fadeIn {
            from {
                opacity: 0;
            }

            to {
                opacity: 1;
            }
        }

        @keyframes fadeInUp {
            from {
                opacity: 0;
                transform: translateY(50px);
            }

            to {
                opacity: 1;
                transform: translateY(0);
            }
        }

        /* Experience (highlight) section */
        #experience {
            background: var(--light-bg);
            padding: 5rem 0;
        }

        #experience h2 {
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: 1rem;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: var(--secondary-color);
        }

        #experience p.lead {
            max-width: 700px;
            margin: 0 auto 2rem;
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            color: #555;
        }

        .exp-box {
            background: #fff;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 2rem 1rem;
            box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
            text-align: center;
            transition: transform 0.3s ease;
        }

        .exp-box:hover {
            transform: translateY(-5px);
        }

        .exp-box h3 {
            font-size: 2.5rem;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: var(--primary-color);
            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
        }

        .exp-box span {
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            color: #777;
            display: block;
        }

        /* Webdesign showcase section */
        #webdesign {
            background: #fff;
            padding: 5rem 0;
        }

        #webdesign h2 {
            font-weight: 700;
            margin-bottom: 1rem;
            color: var(--secondary-color);
        }

        #webdesign p {
            color: #555;
        }

        #webdesign img {
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
        }

        /* FAQ section */
        #faq {
            background: var(--light-bg);
            padding: 5rem 0;
        }

        #faq h2 {
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: 2rem;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: var(--secondary-color);
        }

        .accordion-button {
            font-weight: 600;
        }

        .accordion-button:focus {
            box-shadow: none;
        }

        /* Override Bootstrap primary button to match palette */
        .btn-primary {
            background-color: var(--primary-color) !important;
            border-color: var(--primary-color) !important;
        }

        .btn-primary:hover,
        .btn-primary:focus {
            background-color: #e06941 !important;
            /* slightly darker shade for hover */
            border-color: #e06941 !important;
        }


        /* My Work Section */
        .work-card {
            position: relative;
            width: 100%;
            height: 500px;
            /* uniform size for all works */
            overflow: hidden;
            border-radius: 15px;
            box-shadow: 0px 6px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
            transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
        }

        .work-card img {
            width: 100%;
            height: 500px;
            border-radius: 15px;
            transition: transform 0.4s ease;
        }

        .work-card:hover {
            transform: translateY(-8px);
            box-shadow: 0px 12px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
        }

        .work-card:hover img {
            transform: scale(1.1);
        }

        .overlay {
            position: absolute;
            bottom: 0;
            width: 100%;
            height: 30%;
            background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0));
            color: #fff;
            display: flex;
            align-items: flex-end;
            justify-content: center;
            padding: 15px;
            border-radius: 0 0 15px 15px;
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            font-weight: 600;
            opacity: 0;
            transition: opacity 0.4s ease;
        }

        .work-card:hover .overlay {
            opacity: 1;
        }

        .portfolio img {
            transition: transform 0.3s;
        }

        .portfolio img:hover {
            transform: scale(1.05);
        }